Photocopier скачать Photocopier бесплатно

Размер: 1090 Kb Статус (Цена). Бесплатно Язык: Английский ОС: Win 98/Me/2000/XP/Vista Дата добавления: 03.08.2009 Имя файла:

Утилита, которая позволяет создать из сканера и принтера полноценный копировальный аппарат. Для того, чтобы сделать копию документа, необходимо поместить его в сканер и нажать в программе на кнопку Copy. Всё остальное утилита сделает сама (естественно, при правильных предварительных настройках). Интерфейс Photocopier выполнен по аналогии с копировальным аппаратом. Программа позволяет делать копии как в черно-белом, цветном так и в полутоновом режимах. Также есть возможность задать количество копий, установить масштабирование и настроить контрастность выводимой на принтер копии документа. Представленная программа работает на всей линейке операционных систем Windows и поддерживает принтеры и сканеры многих производителей. Для некоммерческого использования распространяется бесплатно.

Photocopier Pro rus

Photocopier - идеальный инструмент для офиса и дома. При наличии сканера, принтера и этой программы, вы получите мощный копировальный аппарат. Управляется он очень просто, достаточно нажать кнопку копирования на вашем сканере и копир начнет свою работу. Запуск копирования, также возможен и из интерфейса самого приложения. При кажущейся простоте, возможности программы превышают множество аппаратных вариантов. Вы можете просмотреть изображение перед выводом на печать, произвести инверсию и зеркально отразить, автоматически и вручную удалить ненужные части, установить режимы черно-белого или цветного изображения, отрегулировать яркость и множество других функций. Ко всему этому, Вы сможете сохранить изображения в графических форматах JPEG, GIF, PNG, TIFF и т.д.

Got a scanner and a printer? Why not combine the two into a copier? You no longer need a real photo copier if you have Photocopier. This is how it goes: insert a document into your scanner, start Photocopier and press its Copy button. After a few moments your printer produces a copy of the document. That's it. No difficult settings to make, it's very user friendly.

Program details:

Make copies just by pressing the Copy button on your scanner.

Get a preview of the scanned image before printing starts. Manipulate (invert, mirror) the scanned image from the preview window.

Have greater control over scan resolution.

Remove superfluous parts of the scanned image with the Auto and Manual crop functions.

Select the imaging device to use. Convenient when you have both a scanner and a digital camera installed on your system.

Specify which printer Photocopier should use, specify separate printers for black and white, grey scale and colour copies.

Instruct Photocopier to pause before printing starts. Convenient when you have scanner and printer attached to your system via a switch box.

Save the scanned image in a variety of graphic formats (JPEG, GIF, PNG, TIFF etc) from Photocopier's preview window.

OC. Windows NT, 2000, XP, Vista, 7, 8

Язык. English, Русский (русификатор только для Windows Vista, 7,8 )

Photocopier Pro

Редактировать | Профиль | Сообщение | Цитировать | Сообщить модератору Ясно, в общем, что программа убогая. Вон, про древнюю прогу Copying Machine, которая уже не обновляется сто лет в обед на просторах интернета пишут такое:

"Copying Machine поможет отсканировать изображение и сделать с него копии (столько, сколько нужно). Сканировать (и, соответственно, делать копии) можно не только целый лист, но и его часть, с масштабированием или без него, причем уменьшенные копии допускается размещать на одном листе."

Правда или нет, еще не проверял (не нашел где скачать), но по логике это должны быть абсолютно базовые функции для любого нормального копира.

Пробовал обойтись FineReader, но что-то тоже не нашел в нем такого функционала. Так, что поиск нормального виртуального копира остается открытым.

Всего записей: 21 | Зарегистр. 23-01-2008 | Отправлено: 18:54 13-08-2012 | Исправлено: Moneyru . 18:55 13-08-2012

How does a photocopier work using static electricity?

by Chris Woodford. Last updated: September 1, 2015.

B ig companies sometimes make big mistakes. When American inventor Chester Carlson (1906–1968) approached some of the world's largest corporations with his idea for a photocopying machine, during the 1940s, they simply didn't want to know. They couldn't imagine who would want to make lots of copies of documents. It took Carlson years to turn the idea into one of the most important office inventions of the 20th century—and those companies kicked themselves when they realized just how big an opportunity they'd missed. Photocopiers look complex, but they work using two pretty simple pieces of science. Let's take a closer look inside!

Photo: A typical photocopier in a public library. This one is made by Gestetner and, unlike many office copiers, doesn't have a sheet feeder built into the top (because it's primarily used for copying books). The finished paper copies curl through the mechanism and appear in the empty space you can see underneath. The drawers at the bottom hold spare paper.

Have you ever tried that party trick where you rub a balloon on your pullover 20 or 30 times? If you rub enough, you can make the balloon stick to your clothes all by itself. What you see isn't magic: it's static electricity. When you rub the balloon, you give it an electrical charge. At the same time, you give your pullover an opposite electrical charge. Unlike charges attract, so the balloon sticks to you.

Photo: Look, no hands! Static electricity can "glue" things together using opposite electrical charges. This science is put to practical use inside a photocopier.

How does this happen? As you rub the balloon, electrons (the tiny negatively charged particles inside atoms that carry electricity) move from your pullover onto the balloon. In other words, the balloon gains more electrons than it should have and picks up an overall negative electrical charge. Since the electrons have left your pullover, it has fewer electrons than it should have and an overall positive electrical charge. Now things with an electrical charge are a bit like magnets. Two objects with an opposite electrical charge tend to move toward one another, or attract, just like two magnets with opposite poles. (Our article on static electricity explains all this in much more detail.)

Static electricity is one of the two scientific tricks that makes a photocopier work. Now let's explore the other: photoconductivity .

If you believe what you read in science books, you probably think light and electricity are totally different things. Light comes from the Sun and powers things like flashlights; electricity flows round wires and makes things like vacuum cleaners and refrigerators work. So light has nothing to do with electricity, right? Wrong! Light is actually a kind of electricity. A ray of light is an ultra-fast wave of electricity and magnetism wiggling back and forth and zapping through space. That helps us to explain how solar power (making electricity from sunlight) works. When sunlight shines onto a solar panel, the solar cells inside it soak up the electrical energy in the light and convert it back into an electrical current (flow of electrons) that can be used to power something.

There's something similar to a solar cell in a photocopier and it's called a photoconductor. Instead of producing an electric current when light shines onto it, it captures the pattern of the light as a pattern of static electricity. What use is this? Suppose you shine a flashlight at your hand to cast a shadow image of a rabbit's ears on the wall. But instead of shining the shadow on the wall, you shine it on a photoconductor. Some parts of the photoconductor will be brightly lit (where the light passes around your hand) and some parts will be dark (where your hand casts a shadow). The photoconductor will gain an electrical charge where it is light and no charge where it is dark. In other words, it will have a kind of "electrical copy" of your hand. This is the key to how a photocopier works.

After a great deal of research and tinkering in his laboratory, Chester Carlson figured out how he could use these two bits of science—static electricity and photoconductivity—to help him make copies of documents.

Suppose you want to copy a page from a book. If you shine an extremely bright light on the book, you can make a shadow of the black and white characters on the page, just like casting a shadow of your hand. If you shine the light onto the page at an angle, it doesn't reflect straight back: it bounces off at an angle. So, by shining the light at an angle, you can throw a shadow of the page onto another object. Let's suppose you put a photoconductor nearby and throw the image of the page onto that. You won't create a shadow on the photoconductor—you'll make a pattern of electrical charges: an electrical version of a shadow. Now if we sprinkle ink powder over the photoconductor, toner particles will stick to the charged areas of this "electrical shadow" like tiny little balloons sticking to your pullover. All we have to do then is press a piece of paper onto the photoconductor to lift the ink away. Hey presto, the paper has a copy of the original page! This whole process, which Carlson named xerography (combining two Greek words to mean "dry writing"), is automated inside a photocopier and can happen over and over again very quickly.

In case that's not clear, I'll go through it all again, exactly as it happens inside the copier, in the box below.

1. You place the document you want to copy upside down on the glass
2. An extremely bright light scans across the document. Much more light reflects off the white areas (where there is no ink) than off the black, inked areas.
3. An "electrical shadow" of the page forms on the photoconductor. The photoconductor in a photocopier is a rotating conveyor belt coated with a chemical called selenium.
4. As the belt rotates, it carries the electrical shadow around with it.
5. An ink drum touching the belt coats it with tiny particles of powdered ink (toner).
6. The toner has been given an electrical charge, so it sticks to the electrical shadow and makes an inked image of the original page on the belt.
7. A sheet of paper from a hopper on the other side of the copier feeds up toward the first belt on another conveyor belt. As it moves along, the paper is given a strong electrical charge.
8. When the paper moves near the upper belt, its strong charge attracts the charged toner particles away from the belt. The image is rapidly transferred from the belt onto the paper.
9. The inked paper passes through two hot rollers (the fuser unit). The heat and pressure from the rollers fuse the toner particles permanently onto the paper.
10. The final copy emerges from the side of the copier. Thanks to the fuser unit, the paper is still warm. It may still have enough static electric charge to stick to your pullover. Try it (but make sure the ink is dry first).

1. You insert the original document (to be copied) into a slot (green) at the top.
2. The document is carried into the machine by a belt and roller mechanism (dark blue).
3. A bright lamp (yellow) shines through the document and transfers an electrical shadow of it onto the photoconductor (orange).
4. The photoconductor is mounted on the outer surface of a drum (red), which carries the image past the toner hopper and brush.
5. Toner is now attracted from the hopper onto the charged parts of the drum.
6. You insert a blank sheet of paper into a slot on the opposite part of the machine. Carried inside by rollers (purple), it picks up the inked image from the drum.
7. A fuser unit heats, presses, and seals the image into the paper and the finished copy emerges.

As you can see from all the dozens of small numbers on the original drawing, this is a very simplified account of what's really happening—and all the parts and pieces that are involved. You can read a much more detailed explanation by taking a look at Chester Carlson's patent, listed in the references below. Although technical, it's very readable and fairly easy to understand.

Artwork: Chester Carlson's original photocopier from his patent granted on September 12, 1944. Courtesy of US Patent and Trademark Office.

Photocopir

photocopier — [ f?t?k?pje ] v. tr. <conjug. 7> • 1907; de photocopie ¦ Reproduire (un document) par la photographie. Photocopier un contrat, un diplome. Absolt Machine a photocopier. ? photocopieur. ? photocopier verbe transitif Faire une photocopie d… … Encyclopedie Universelle

photocopier — pho?to?cop?i?er [?f??t???k?pi? ? ?fo?t??k??pi?r] noun [countable] OFFICE a machine that quickly makes photographic copies of documents: • an expensive colour photocopier * * * photocopier UK US /?f??t???k?pi?r/ noun [C] (also copier) > … Financial and business terms

photocopier — > NOUN ? a machine for making photocopies … English terms dictionary

Photocopier — Copier redirects here. For the piece of photography equipment, see slide copier. For a game copier, see game backup device. A Xerox copier in a high school library. A photocopier (also known as a copier or copy machine) is a machine that makes… … Wikipedia

photocopier — UK [?f??t???k?p??(r)] / US [?fo?to??k?p??r] noun [countable] Word forms photocopier. singular photocopier plural photocopiers a machine that copies documents or pictures from one piece of paper to another … English dictionary

photocopier — [[t]fo??to?k?pi?(r)[/t]] photocopiers N COUNT A photocopier is a machine which quickly copies documents onto paper by photographing them … English dictionary

photocopier — noun see photocopy II … New Collegiate Dictionary

photocopier — /foh teuh kop ee euhr/, n. any electrically operated machine using a photographic method, as the electrostatic process, for making instant copies of written, drawn, or printed material. Also called copier, copy machine, photocopying machine.… … Universalium

photocopier — noun A machine which reproduces documents by photographing the original over a glass plate and printing duplicates. Syn: copier … Wiktionary

Photocopier — Светокопировальный аппарат; фотокопировальная машина … Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии

photocopier — pho|to|cop|i|er [?f?ut?u?k?pi? US ?fout??ka:pi?r] n a machine that makes photographic copies of documents … Dictionary of contemporary English

Photocopir

A photocopier (also known as a copier or copy machine ) is a machine that makes paper copies of documents and other visual images quickly and cheaply. Most current photocopiers use a technology called xerography . a dry process using heat. (Copiers can also use other technologies such as ink jet. but xerography is standard for office copying.)

Xerographic office photocopying was introduced by Xerox in 1959, [ 1 ] and it gradually replaced copies made by Verifax, Photostat, carbon paper. mimeograph machines, and other duplicating machines. The prevalence of its use is one of the factors that prevented the development of the paperless office heralded early in the digital revolution [ citation needed ] .

Photocopying is widely used in business, education, and government. There have been many predictions that photocopiers will eventually become obsolete as information workers continue to increase their digital document creation and distribution, and rely less on distributing actual pieces of paper.

HISTORY OF PHOTOCOPIERS

(Redirected from Photocopier )

Photocopying is a process which makes paper copies of documents and other visual images quickly and cheaply. It was introduced by Xerox in the 1960s. and over the following 20 years it gradually replaced copies made by carbon paper. mimeograph machines and other duplicating machines. The prevalence of its use is one of the factors that prevented the development of the paperless office heralded early in the digital revolution .

1. First, the surface of a drum is given an electro-static charge by a high-voltage wire called a corona wire. The drum is coated with a semiconductor material, such as selenium or germanium.
2. Then light is beamed in thin strips onto the image. Only the white areas of the picture reflect this light. The light then hits the drum, which is specially conditioned to make it photoconductive. This means that when light hits it, it neutralizes the positive charges.
3. As a result, the white areas of the picture are now neutral, and the black areas are positive.
4. The toner is negatively charged. When it is applied to the drum, it sticks to the areas that are positively charged, just like paper sticks to a charged balloon.
5. The toner is then attracted onto a positively charged piece of paper.
6. The toner is a dry ink substance. If paper came out of the photocopier covered in dry toner it would just brush off, so the toner is heated to make it melt and to bind it to the paper.

In 1937 Bulgarian physicist Georgi Nadjakov discovered the photoelectric effect. He found that when placed into electric field and exposed to light, some dielectrics acquire permanent electric polarization at the exposed areas. That polarization persists, in the dark and is destroyed in light. Chester Carlson. the inventor of photocopying, was originally a patent attorney and part time researcher and inventor. His job at the patent office in New York required him to make a large number of copies of important papers. Carlson, who was arthritic. found this a painful and tedious process. This prompted him to conduct experiments in the area of photoconductivity. through which multiple copies could be made with minimal effort. Carlson experimented with "electrophotography " in his kitchen and in 1938. applied for a patent for the process. He made the first "photocopy" using a zinc plate covered with sulfur. The words "10-22-38 Astoria" were written on a microscope slide, which was placed on top of more sulfur and under a bright light. After the slide was removed, a mirror image of the words remained. Carlson tried to sell his invention to some companies, but because the process was still underdeveloped he failed. At the time multiple copies were made using carbon paper or duplicating machines, and people did not feel any dire need for an electronic machine. Between 1939 and 1944. Carlson was turned down by over 20 companies, including IBM and GE. neither of which believed there was a significant market for copiers.

In 1944, the Battelle Memorial Institute. a non-profit organization in Columbus, Ohio. contracted with Carlson to refine his new process. Over the next five years, the institute conducted experiments to improve the process of electrophotography. In 1947 Haloid (a small New York based organisation manufacturing and selling photographic paper at that time) approached Battelle to obtain a license to develop and market a copying machine based on this technology.

Haloid felt that the word "electrophotography" was too complicated and did not have good recall value. After consulting a professor of classical language at Ohio State University. Haloid and Carlson changed the name of the process to "Xerography ", derived from Greek words which meant "dry writing". Haloid decided to call the new copier machines "Xerox" and in 1948. the word Xerox was trademarked.

In the early 1950s, RCA (Radio Corporation of America) introduced a variation on the process called Electrofax where images are formed directly on specially coated paper and rendered with a toner dispersed in a liquid.

In 1949. the Xerox introduced the first xerographic copier called model:A. Xerox became so successful that photocopying came to be popularly known as "Xeroxing", a situation that Xerox has very actively fought in order to prevent "xerox" from becoming a genericized trademark. "Xerox" has been found in some dictionaries as the synonym of photocopying, leading to letters and ads from the Xerox corporation asking that the entries be modified, and that people not use the term "Xerox" in this way. However, this is mainly only true for North America - for example, in the British Isles the term "photocopying" is far more common than "Xeroxing", probably due to photocopiers from Japanese and European manufacturers being far more commonly available than Xerox machines when photocopying started becoming popular. Some languages use hybrid terms, such as widely used in Polish term kserokopia ("xerocopy"), even despite relatively low percentage of the copying machines available being branded Xerox.

Advances in technology developed the process of electrostatic copying technology where a high contrast electrostatic image copy is created on a drum and then a fusible plastic powder (called toner ) is transferred to regular paper, heated and then fused into the paper similar to the technology used in laser printers. Advances allowed for color photocopies and the area of xerox art developed in the 1970s and 1980s .

Some devices sold as photocopiers have replaced the drum-based process with inkjet or transfer film technology.

A Canon iR2270, a modern laser Multifunction printer

In recent years, high-end photocopiers have adopted digital technology, with the copier effectively consisting of an integrated scanner and laser printer. This design has several advantages, such as automatic image quality enhancement and the ability to "build jobs" or scan page images independently of the process of printing them. Some digital copiers can function as high-speed scanners; such models typically have the ability to send documents via email or make them available on a local area network.

Some low-end copiers also use digital technology, but they tend to consist of a standard PC scanner coupled to an inkjet or low-end laser printer, both of which are far slower than their counterparts in high-end copiers. However, low-end scanner-inkjets can provide color copying for a far lower cost than a traditional color copier. The cost of electronics is such that combined scanner-printers also often have built-in fax machines. (See Multifunction printer .)

Colored toner became available in the 1950s. though full color copiers were not commercially available until 3M released the Color-in-Color copier in 1968. which used a dye sublimation process rather than the normal electrostatic technology. The first electrostatic color copier was released by Canon in 1973 .

Color photocopying has been of concern to governments in that it makes counterfeiting currency much simpler. Some countries have introduced anti-counterfeiting technologies into their currency specifically to make it harder to use a color photocopier to counterfeit. These technologies include watermarks, microprinting, holograms. tiny security strips made of plastic or some other material, and ink that appears to change color as the currency is tilted at an angle. Some photocopying machines contain special software that will prevent the copying of currency that contains a special pattern .

The photocopying of copyright -protected material (e.g. books or scientific papers) is subject to restrictions in most countries; however it is common practice, especially by students, as the cost of purchasing a book for the sake of one article or a few pages may be excessive. In fact the principle of fair use (in the United States) or fair dealing (in other Berne Convention countries) allow this type of copying for research purposes.

In some countries, such as Canada. some universities pay royalties from each photocopy made at university copy machines and copy centers to copyright collectives out of the revenues from the photocopying and these collectives distribute these funds to various scholarly publication publishers. In the United States, photocopied compilations of articles, handouts, graphics, and other information called readers are often required texts for college classes. Either the instructor or the copy center is responsible for clearing copyright for every article in the reader, and attribution information is included in the front of the reader.

Similar to forensic identification of typewriters. computer printers and copiers can be traced down by imperfections in their output. The mechanical tolerances of the toner and paper feed mechanisms cause banding. which contain information about the individual device's mechanical properties. It is usually possible to identify the manufacturer and brand, but in some cases the individual printer can be identified from a set of known ones by comparing their outputs. [1] [2]

In 2005 some high-quality color printers and copiers were demonstrated to steganographically embed their identification code into the printed pages, as fine and almost invisible patterns of yellow dots; this was reportedly practiced with the top-of-the-line copiers for several years already. The sources identify Xerox and Canon as companies doing this. [3] [4] The US government has been reported to have asked these companies to implement such a tracking scheme so that counterfeiting could be traced.