Конкурс «Английское вдохновение»

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Was Knute Rockne Killed By The Mob? Tracing The Origins Of One Of The Stranger Urban Legends In Sports

On the morning of March 31, 1931, TWA Flight 599, en route from Kansas City to Los Angeles, fell out of the sky over the Flint Hills of central Kansas, near the community of Bazaar. Farmers on the ground reported hearing a bang before the right wing snapped off, sending the plane into a dive. All eight people on board were killed in the crash, five of them thrown from the fuselage during the descent, the bodies landing in the pastures in a neat row. Among the dead was Knute Rockne, Notre Dame's football coach, who was headed to Los Angeles to assist with the production of the upcoming film The Spirit of Notre Dame .

Rockne was 43. He was already the caretaker of his own mythology and that of his football program. Jerry Brondfield, in his book Rockne: The Coach, The Man, The Legend. described the impact of Rockne's death on American culture in terms Rockne would've appreciated:

Until Franklin D. Roosevelt's death in April 1945, fourteen years later, there simply wasn't a funeral in American history that produced as much emotional impact as the funeral of Knute Rockne in April 1931.

An exaggeration? So it went with the coach. Even now bullshit and hyperbole seem to hang on every word uttered about Rockne, not least because they hung on every word uttered by Rockne. This was a coach who used his newfound Catholicism to motivate his players just two days after his baptism. He told his team in 1922 to beat Georgia Tech for his "poor sick little boy, Billy, who is critically ill in the hospital." Afterward, a crowd met the team in the station, a player recalled in Sports Illustrated. "and running around in front of everyone was 'sick' little Billy Rockne, looking healthy enough for a Pet Milk ad." And as the historian Garry Wills has pointed out, there is virtually no aspect of the George Gipp "Win one for the Gipper" story that Rockne didn't invent outright.

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По данным Бюро переписи населения США город Лингл имеет общую площадь в 0,78 квадратных километров, водных ресурсов в черте населённого пункта не имеется.

Город Лингл расположен на высоте 1272 метров над уровнем моря .

По данным переписи населения 2000 года [1] в Лингле проживало 510 человек, 140 семей, насчитывалось 210 домашних хозяйств и 234 жилых дома. Средняя плотность населения составляла около 638 человек на один квадратный километр. Расовый состав Лингла по данным переписи распределился следующим образом: 96,67 % белых. 0,20 % — выходцев с тихоокеанских островов. 1,57 % — представителей смешанных рас, 1,57 % — других народностей. Испаноговорящие составили 4,12 % от всех жителей города.

Из 210 домашних хозяйств в 28,1 % — воспитывали детей в возрасте до 18 лет, 57,6 % представляли собой совместно проживающие супружеские пары, в 6,2 % семей женщины проживали без мужей, 32,9 % не имели семей. 28,6 % от общего числа семей на момент переписи жили самостоятельно, при этом 11,4 % составили одинокие пожилые люди в возрасте 65 лет и старше. Средний размер домашнего хозяйства составил 2,43 человек, а средний размер семьи — 2,98 человек.

Население города по возрастному диапазону по данным переписи 2000 года распределилось следующим образом: 26,7 % — жители младше 18 лет, 6,1 % — между 18 и 24 годами, 26,1 % — от 25 до 44 лет, 24,3 % — от 45 до 64 лет и 16,9 % — в возрасте 65 лет и старше. Средний возраст жителей составил 40 лет. На каждые 100 женщин в Лингле приходилось 93,9 мужчин, при этом на каждые сто женщин 18 лет и старше приходилось 98,9 мужчин также старше 18 лет.

Средний доход на одно домашнее хозяйство в городе составил 33 235 долларов США. а средний доход на одну семью — 38 036 долларов. При этом мужчины имели средний доход в 30 313 долларов США в год против 22 500 долларов среднегодового дохода у женщин. Доход на душу населения в городе составил 16 559 долларов в год. 4,0 % от всего числа семей в округе и 9,4 % от всей численности населения находилось на момент переписи населения за чертой бедности, при этом 4,7 % из них были моложе 18 лет и 13,2 % — в возрасте 65 лет и старше.

• Western History Center near Lingle

Лео Винсент Бразэс

Фотография КОМПАУНДА Лео Винсента Бразэса

Лео Винсентом Бразэсом (1899 – 1950) было начало гангстера 20-ого столетия, который получил славу всюду по преступному миру, будучи признанным виновным в убийстве 1930 года репортера Chicago Tribune Джейка Лингла .

Отправляясь как член низкого уровня бригады Сент-Луиса. известной как Крысы Игена. Братья скоро получили высшее образование в трудовой рэкет и убийство контракта. Избегая обвинительного акта убийства 1929 года, Братья сбежали в Чикаго. где он нашел работу в Чикагском Оборудовании, при печально известном боссе преступления, Аль Капоне. Лео был в конечном счете признан виновным в убийстве Lingle, будучи приговоренным к 14 годам. Большинство наблюдателей, тогда и теперь, полагает, что Братьям вручил до государства Capone как жертва.

После его выпуска в 1940, Братья возвратились в Сент-Луис, разбили его оригинальное дело об убийстве, и стали присоединенными с местной толпой. Спустя три месяца после неудачной попытки на его жизни, Лео Бразэс умер от болезни сердца в Сент-Луисе 23 декабря 1950.

Jake Lingle

Alfred "Jake" Lingle was born on 2nd July, 1891. He became a journalist on the Chicago Tribune . It was claimed by other reporters that Lingle was close to Al Capone, the Police Commissioner William F. Russell. Governor Louis Lincoln Emmerson and Arthur W. Cutten. the millionaire Chicago trader.

As Richard Babcock has pointed out: "Jake Lingle, however, was no ordinary reporter. He operated at the center of a network of friends and associates that may stand unmatched for its depth and width in the history of the grown-up city. His best friend was William Russell, the chief of police, yet Lingle talked regularly with Al Capone and other gangsters, conversations that produced countless scoops for the Tribune. He hobnobbed with Governor Louis Emmerson and collected tips on investments from Arthur Cutten, the millionaire Chicago trader. Politicians, prosecutors, judges, cops, and athletes all offered confidences to the 38-year-old reporter, but his network stretched far beyond the well connected."

Jake Lingle in the Chicago Tribune newsroom

Lingle was shot dead was shot by a gunman in the pedestrian tunnel of the Illinois Central Railroad's suburban service off Michigan Avenue at Randolph Street on 9th June, 1930. Soon afterwards Leo Vincent Brothers was arrested and charged with Lingle's murder. At first it was believed that Lingle was killed because he was working on an important crime story. However, journists on the newspaper knew this was not the case. A colleague, John O'Brien. later reported: "In the aftermath of his shooting, Chicago newspapers decried the slaying as a mob attempt to silence the press. But as the reporter's mysterious private life came to light, a different picture developed. He was paid $65 a week but had an annual income of $60,000. When he was killed, he had $1,400 in his pocket." Journalists were unable to discover who was paying him this money, but it was possible to trace several expensive gifts back to gang bosses such as Al Capone .

The death of Jake Lingle

As fellow crime reporter, Walter Trohan. pointed out: "Jake Lingle was shot by Leo V. Brothers, a St. Louis hoodlum, imported to do the job for the North Side gang, known as the Aieilo-Zuta-Moran mob after its more important figures. These gangsters suspected Lingle was taking advantage of his long friendship with Police Commissioner William F. Russell to raid and close their gambling establishments in order to help Capone advance and extend his gambling empire. Lingle, who was never more than a legman, cultivated a mysterious manner, which could be taken as proof of such suspicions and of rumors which, even in his lifetime, reported he was profiting from questionable connections."

Leo Vincent Brothers was found guilty and sentenced to 14 years in prison. However, the author of Egan's Rats: The Untold Story of the Prohibition-Era Gang that ran St. Louis (2007) believes that the real triggerman was Frankie Foster and the contract was handed out and organized by Jake Zuta .

In these early days McCormick was a dim and distant figure in his twenty-fourth-floor office. Yet, his spirit was in the local room at all times, He was known affectionately as "the Colonel," but not without a tinge of awe and even fear. He was an admirable boss, because he was convinced, or at least convinced those in the vine-yard, that every employee with whom he dealt was the best possible man in his post. He was demanding and exacting, but he was also forgiving; he seemed to enjoy the making of mistakes by those about him, so that he could be forgiving.

The colonel seldom appeared in the local room until after Alfred (Jake) Lingle, a Tribune crime reporter, who was reputed to be an intimate of Capone and other gangland figures, was shot by a gunman in the pedestrian tunnel of the Illinois Central Railroad's suburban service off Michigan Avenue at Randolph Street. The slaying precipitated a violent exposure of municipal and county misgovernment that reached into newspaper offices and tarnished some reporters and editors. I have no intention of dwelling on it, except that the case was to be one of my stepping stones to Washington.

Jake Lingle was shot by Leo V. Brothers, a St. Louis hoodlum, imported to do the job for the North Side gang, known as the Aieilo-Zuta-Moran mob after its more important figures. These gangsters suspected Lingle was taking advantage of his long friendship with Police Commissioner William F. Russell to raid and close their gambling establishments in order to help Capone advance and extend his gambling empire. Lingle, who was never more than a legman, cultivated a mysterious manner, which could be taken as proof of such suspicions and of rumors which, even in his lifetime, reported he was profiting from questionable connections.

Colonel McCormick began frequenting the local room. Now and then he would make a speech, which was aimed at restoring confidence, and he would talk over coverage of major stories, asking me to fill him in on such things as bank failures and the political manipulation of Cermak, who had become mayor.

Alfred "Jake" Lingle was part of the crowd that filled the pedestrian walkway underneath Michigan Avenue on the afternoon of this late spring day.

Lingle, a Tribune police reporter, was heading for the Illinois Central station at Randolph Street to catch the 1:30 p.m. express to Washington Park racetrack in south suburban Homewood. An ace at covering sensational crime stories, he was about to become one.A tall, blond man walked up behind him and put a bullet through his head. Lingle's killer paused over the body. Then he dropped the murder weapon, a .38-caliber revolver, and got away.

Lingle epitomized the "Front Page" journalism of his day, cavorting with cops and robbers and working his sources in speakeasies. A street reporter, he never rolled paper through a typewriter.

As in the Ben Hecht-Charles MacArthur play about Chicago journalism, Lingle phoned in scoops to rewritemen. The popular play was a work of fiction, but it was based on fact. The world of Chicago newspapers was viciously competitive, frequently unscrupulous, and not too worried about the truth.

But even in that era, Lingle turned out to be exceptional. In the aftermath of his shooting, Chicago newspapers decried the slaying as a mob attempt to silence the press.

But as the reporter's mysterious private life came to light, a different picture developed. He was paid $65 a week but had an annual income of $60,000. When he was killed, he had $1,400 in his pocket.

Jake Lingle, however, was no ordinary reporter. He operated at the center of a network of friends and associates that may stand unmatched for its depth and width in the history of the grown-up city. His best friend was William Russell, the chief of police, yet Lingle talked regularly with Al Capone and other gangsters, conversations that produced countless scoops for the Tribune. He hobnobbed with Governor Louis Emmerson and collected tips on investments from Arthur Cutten, the millionaire Chicago trader. Politicians, prosecutors, judges, cops, and athletes all offered confidences to the 38-year-old reporter, but his network stretched far beyond the well connected. Years later, Levering Cartwright, a Tribune colleague, recalled being sent with Lingle on an assignment to Chinatown. “He knew every rat hole down there,” Cartwright said. “We’d go into the cellar and there’d be Chinamen playing dominoes or whatever it was, he knew them by their first names. A truck would come along with a Racing Form, and he knew the driver and would get a copy.”

But on that Chicago evening in 1930, Jake Lingle didn’t join the 2,450 bigwigs who dined on filet of Colorado mountain trout, saute meunière, in the grand ballroom at the Stevens, while listening to speakers toast the new LaSalle Street temple of capitalism and decry the “parlor socialists” undermining the country. Earlier that day, as the reporter ambled through a pedestrian tunnel at Michigan Avenue and Randolph Street, a tall young man had walked up and fired a fatal shot into the back of Jake Lingle’s head.

The murder of Jake Lingle, which had all the markings of a mob hit, set off an impassioned outcry in Chicago and across the country. It was one thing when the mobsters shot up each other, but now they had taken out a man “whose business was to expose the work of the killers,” as the Tribune put it. “People started to think it could happen to anyone,” says Tim Samuelson, the cultural historian for the city of Chicago. The furious city “went berserk,” as the investigative reporter Edward Dean Sullivan wrote at the time. Preachers, politicians, businessmen, editorialists, civic groups - all rose up and demanded action against the underworld.

And then, within a week or so, the slow drip of rumor broke into a torrent of news - Lingle was corrupt to his core. The exact levers of his graft remain unclear to this day, but it’s likely he acted as a middleman among mobsters, cops, and politicians, brokering deals to allow illegal operations - speakeasies, gambling joints, dog tracks - to operate freely. Astonishingly, no one at the Tribune had called him out for being crooked, even though he lived and spent extravagantly on his lowly newsman’s salary, and even though he paraded around wearing a diamond-studded belt buckle, a gift from Capone himself.

Jake Lingle - The Full Wiki

Alfred "Jake" Lingle, Jr. (July 2, 1891 - June 9, 1930) was a reporter for the Chicago Tribune . He was shot dead gangland-style at the Illinois Central train station underpass, during rush hour on June 9, 1930 as dozens of people watched. The hitman responsible was the German American mobster, Leo Vincent Brothers. but this was discovered long after he had died.

Lingle was initially lionized as a journalistic martyr. but it was eventually revealed that he was involved in racketeering and that his death had more to do with his criminal activities than his journalism.

In 1959, the Jake Lingle murder was dramatized on an episode of The Untouchables . on TV. In the 1979 film The Lady in Red Lingle is incorrectly seen as a reporter harassing Polly Hamilton, the lover of John Dillinger. This is impossible as Dillinger was killed in 1934, four years after Lingle's own murder.

Feature Articles 142

By John William Tuohy

     On June 9, 1930, all hell broke loose in the Chicago underworld when reporter Jake Lingle was shot and killed as he walked through an underground subway tunnel.

     Jake Lingle came from a moderately successful Irish working class family out of the valley, an Irish slum near the Loop. He managed to graduate from the Calhoun elementary school.

     Lingle was with the Chicago Tribune newspaper at $65 a week, not a fortune, but a respectable salary for a working reporter in 1933. Lingle was a "legman" -- the street person who gathered the news and called it in to the city editor's room, where the stories were written up by professional news writers. Yet on his modest income Lingle had a chauffeured limo that whisked him across town, he spent $1000 a day on the ponies, wore a diamond studded belt given to him by Capone, but then again Capone gave a lot of those out.

     It was a known fact that Lingle was a liaison between the Capone organization and police commissioner William P. Russel, Russel and Lingle having known each other since their childhood days in the Valley. Later, after Lingle was dead and the facts of their relationship came to light, Russel resigned his position.

     Through Lingle's connection with the commissioner and the higher ups in the police department, Lingle was able to pass on information to the Capone's and others willing to pay, as to what speakeasies were going to be raided, what whorehouses were marked to be shut down and so forth. Lingle also spied on Bugs Moran and his North Siders for Capone.

     Friend of the commission or not, it still didn't explain the way Lingle lived his life or the money he spent. None of that made sense until it was learned that Lingle owed Capone $100,000 in bad gambling debts and he tried to pay it off by extortion against both Moran and Capone by using his influence to barter gambling and limited liqueur licenses, essential to both hoodlums' operations.

     "I fix the price of beer in this town," Lingle said, and he may have been right in a fool's sort of way.

     One of the hundreds of rumors going around the city was that Lingle had been given $50,000 to keep a racetrack open and had kept the money and as a result the track was closed.

     Another story involved the Sheridan Club, owned and operated by Weiss and Moran, and which had been closed for eighteen months after the St. Valentine's Day murders.

     Moran tried to muster help to reopen the place all over the city with no luck at all until Julian "Potatoes" Kaufman approached Jake Lingle and asked him to use his contacts to get the place reopened.

     Jake Lingle said he would help for 50% of the profits, Moran refused and the club remained closed. Moran turned to Boss McLaughlin for advice. McLaughlin, a criminal mastermind and freelancer who occasionally worked with the Touhy organization on burglaries, hated Lingle and had once threatened to kill the newsman when he refused to intercede in obtaining police and Capone's permission to open a gambling house.

     It was McLaughlin's advice that Moran go to the State's Attorneys office if no help was coming from Lingle but Moran decided against it and now the rumor was that Moran and the boys had blown Lingle's brain out.

     There was another rumor going around that the Capone ordered Lingle killed because the reporter was blackmailing Capone and his boys so he could pay off the money he owed to Bookies all over town. The story was that Lingle had gone to Capone and his men and said that for a set price he would see to it that no more of Capone's places were shut down. The Capones refused and Lingle threatened to have one of Capone's speakeasies shut down every day until Lingle got his price. Then and there, Capone ordered Lingle dead.

     Only hours after the killing the cops were hauling in everybody. Frankie Foster, who would live to see the Chicago outfit take over the entire American west, was suspected off the murder. He had the credentials for it too. Foster's brother, John Citro was a founding member of the O'Bannion gang and within a few hours it was established that Foster had purchased the murder weapon, a .38 from Peter Von Frantzius, a Diversey Park retailer who provided the machineguns used in the St. Valentine's Day murders.

     Foster vanished but was picked up in Los Angeles, his future home, several weeks later. The cops extradited him to Chicago where he was held and then released.

     An awful lot of people decided that Teddy Newberry did it since he and Frankie Foster were partners in several ventures and Newberry was with Foster when he purchased the murder weapon. Many decades later, mobster Johnny Roselli claimed that the real killers were Foster and Newberry.

     Another suspect that the cops hauled in was James Red Forsythe but he was released for lack of evidence to hold him; others picked up were Grover Dullard, the manager of the Sheridan Wave Tournament Club and Terry Druggans, a onetime bodyguard. Dullard had known Lingle since childhood. They hauled in Simon Gorman, a union official; they also pulled in Frank Noonan and Julian "Potatoes" Kaufman and of course Fred Burke was considered a suspect and the cops might have been right about that, if Burke wasn't the murderer he must have played some role in the shooting. The word was that Burke, a former charter member of St Louis's Eagan's rats organization, had hired the actual killer and trailed Lingle with the murder on the subway, with Eagan dressed as a priest.

     Burke had brought in one of his St. Louis trainees, a young man named Leo Vincent Brothers, otherwise known as Buster from St. Louis and Leo Bader, who earned his way as a labor terrorist, burglar, extortionist and bootlegger.

     It was said that Brothers was with the St. Louis mob called Eagan's Rats but Burke was with whoever paid the highest for his services. He had been loaned out, purchased for a price, from Eagan's Rats by the New York mobs during the worst of the Castellamarese war where he was credited with several murders of middle management mobsters and a few lowly henchmen as well.

     Brothers donned a different disguise every day to follow Lingle so he could get an idea of his schedule and then decide on the right time and place to kill him.

     On the day they killed Lingle, Burke and Brothers, dressed as Roman Catholic priests followed Lingle across town, with Burke staying on the subway after Lingle and Brothers got off.

     But Lingle was shrewd and smart and he spotted Brothers despite his disguise. After having had lunch at the Sherman House Hotel, a mob hang out, Lingle walked toward the subway station at Randolf and Michigan where he passed Detective Sergeant Thomas Alcock.

     Alcock stopped to speak with Lingle but Lingle would only stop for a second and whisper "I'm being tailed, Tom" and then moved along quickly.

     Lingle stopped at a newsstand in front of the public library at about 1:30 and purchased a copy of the Daily Racing Form. He walked on a few steps with Brothers behind him. A car stopped at the corner and Lingle waved to the occupants inside the car. One of them yelled over to Lingle "Play Hy Sneider in the third Jake."

     'I've got him," Lingle shouted back. Lingle lit up one of his expensive imported Cuban cigars and began walking down into a 100 foot long subway tunnel.

     The killer ran up from behind Lingle and fired a round off into the reporter's head just as Lingle walked into an underground pass at Randolf and Michigan, his face buried in the daily racing form. It was at rush hour and a dozen citizens were in or near the tunnel when Lingle was gunned down.

     The Lingle case, with the Zuta aftermath, dogged Chicago's gangland for the summer and fall. The cops were tearing the town apart and hauling in everybody and business was off.

     Roache stayed on Capone to turn over the man who had killed Lingle. Capone refused saying instead that he would have his execution squad take out the killer which would bring an end to the matter. Roache refused the offer and finally Capone turned over Leo Brothers, making Brothers the only man Capone had ever turned into the law in his entire criminal career.

     Brothers was picked up at a third rate rooming house with a few dollars found on his person. His trial began March 16, 1931, and ended on April 2, 1931, when he was convicted of murder and sentenced to eight years.

     On April 2, 1931, Leo Vincent brothers who shot Jake Lingle was sentenced to 14 years. He was paroled eight years later; the sentence was light because the jury believed he was taking the fall for someone else.

Mr. Tuohy can be reached at MobStudy@aol.com.